Pneumatic Type
The pneumatic type utilizes compressed air to drive a piston forward within a cylinder, causing a drill steel to strike the rock face. This type is the most widely used.
Electric Type
The electric type employs an electric motor acting through a crank-and-connecting-rod mechanism to drive a hammer head, which then strikes the drill steel to chip away at the rock. It also utilizes a dust-removal mechanism to expel rock cuttings. The internal combustion type operates based on the principles of an internal combustion engine, harnessing the explosive force of gasoline combustion to drive a piston that strikes the drill steel, thereby chipping the rock. This type is suitable for construction sites where no electrical power or compressed air sources are available.
Hydraulic Type
The hydraulic type relies on hydraulic pressure-transmitted via an inert gas and an impact body-to strike the drill steel and chip the rock. During the return stroke of the impact mechanism, a drill-rotation mechanism forces the drill steel to rotate slightly; this repositions the drill bit, allowing it to continue chipping the rock from a new angle. The process involves the continuous striking of the drill steel by the piston-driven by the explosive force of diesel combustion-combined with constant rotation; coupled with a dust-removal mechanism to expel rock cuttings, this enables the creation of blast holes. As a vital piece of engineering equipment, the hydraulic rock drill is indispensable in construction projects across various sectors, including mining, road construction, and general building. However, despite the continuous advancement of the rock drilling industry, domestically produced hydraulic rock drills still exhibit certain shortcomings that are becoming increasingly apparent: low efficiency, limited service life for specific structural components and parts, and-due to the lack of vibration-damping mechanisms during operation-excessive vibration and low energy transmission efficiency.
Internal Combustion Type
The internal combustion rock drill requires no replacement of internal engine components; operation can commence simply by manipulating the control handle as required. It features convenient operation, saves both time and labor, and is characterized by a rapid drilling speed and high efficiency. When drilling into rock, it can operate vertically downward, horizontally, or vertically upward at angles of less than 45 degrees; vertical downward drilling can reach depths of up to six meters. The machine demonstrates exceptional adaptability, capable of operating in diverse environments-whether in high mountainous regions or on flat terrain-and across extreme temperature ranges, from scorching 40°C heat to frigid -40°C cold.
The internal combustion rock drill offers a wide range of functionalities-including drilling for mining operations, general construction, and roadwork (on both concrete and asphalt surfaces)-as well as various splitting, crushing, tamping, and chiseling tasks. It is widely utilized in mining, general construction, firefighting operations, geological exploration, road building, quarrying, and national defense engineering projects.